RESEARCH DATA:

The pu’namhan, wooden ritual boxes, are commonly adorned with stylized animal heads on both ends, symbolizing the rice harvest ritual. These boxes are utilized by mumbaki, ritual specialists, during community ceremonies. While some pu’namhan are intricately decorated, the majority feature stylized pig’s heads carved at each end, particularly prevalent in the central and southern parts of Ifugao. Additionally, some are carved in anthropomorphic shapes.

Inside the box, remnants of materials used in prior sacrifices, such as pig’s blood, chicken feathers, pig’s bristles, betel nuts, and rice (cooked or uncooked), can be found. The carving of these boxes involves a series of ceremonies and they are often housed in the granary alongside the bu’lul statues.

REFERENCES:

Kohnen N. and Kohnen P. 1986. Igorot. Traditional Ways of Life and Healing Among Philippine Mountain Tribes. Translated by L. Nieroba and D. Winkler, 1st ed, Systemdruck Köln, Köln. Gmb II West Germany.